Opium has been around for over a millennium, known in classical civilizations for its healing properties[1]. In the 1800s opium was widely used; opium (then it was in the form of morphine) was used for everything from leg cramps to tuberculosis. By the 1900s they were again widely prescribed for all kinds of pain control. By 1996, Oxycontin had come to the market2 and swept over the world in ways the world never expected or saw coming. Doctors claimed that this was a form of pain management that wasn’t as addictive as other pain forms have been. Come to find out it was the opposite of that. “Oxycontin is different than some of the older, classic opioid pain prescription medications. Oxycontin is pure oxycodone… Oxycodone is extremely potent”2 It seems as though through history, people have tried to control pain with opioids through nonaddictive ways, every time has ended with suffering and addiction. The end result has most recently been heroin, and the effects of it are seen worldwide. Someone dies from an opioid overdose every 11 minutes, and in the United States alone, opium use has ended more lives than gun violence. Worldwide, it has ended more lives than the Vietnam war.[2]
Opium has an enormous trade network worldwide, and not many signs are pointing to it slowing down. “Global opium production increased by 65% in 2017 alone.”[3] Most of the opium comes out of Afghanistan.3 One of the massive places that has been affected by opium, (in the form of heroin), is east Africa, more specifically Kenya. Stuck in a bad system, the crisis is in a critical state. Suppliers make a significant amount of money when selling heroin, compared to if they were to work a legal job. Taking this risk is worth it to these people who live in impoverished places. The addicts are suffering and living in these outdoor “graveyards”3 most of the time hopeless and feeling like they’re stuck in the trap of heroin. With this increasing problem, and no signs of slowing down, this problem is critical and needs to be addressed.
In the United States, Oxycontin was introduced in 1996, and was marketed deliberately towards doctors to prescribe.[4] Once doctors started widely prescribing this drug, this pill did the rest. As the government and doctors started to realize this pill was extremely addictive, they started to regulate and cut back prescribing this drug. When the pill was harder to get, and pricier, addicts turned to heroin which was much cheaper, and easier to find. “It’s the same thing, just a different version”2 The effects of heroin, much like East Africa, are harmful and destructive. Because heroin is so potent and addictive, healing and coming clean from it is extremely difficult and painful. Coming clean from an addiction from any form of opioids is hard and takes lots of steps.
Overall, the opioid crisis is booming and taking a lot of lives as it continues. Opium in all forms leads to the same story and ending every time, and this is seen around the world. Pain, suffering and sometimes death, are the end results of opium. With no sign of slowing down, and not having it under control anywhere in the world, it is important to bring to light and awareness of the current climate we are facing.
References
Norn Svend, Kruse Poul R, Kruse Edith, “History of opium poppy and morphine”, PubMed, accessed November 4, 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17152761/
Amaryllis Fox, Yasmin Hurd, Rodrigo Canales Business of drugs:Opium. (July 14, 2020), http://www.netflix.com
Amaryllis Fox, Yasmin Hurd, Rodrigo Canales Business of drugs: Heroin. (July 14, 2020), http://www.netflix.com
Van Zee Art, “The Promotion and Marketing of OxyContin: Commercial Triumph, Public Health Tragedy”, PMC, February, 2009, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622774/
[1] Svend Norn, Poul R Kruse, Edith Kruse, “History of opium poppy and morphine”, PubMed, accessed November 4, 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17152761/
[2] Business of drugs: Opium. Directed by Amaryllis Fox, Yasmin Hurd, Rodrigo Canales.(July 14, 2020), http://www.netflix.com.
[3] Business of drugs: Heroin. Directed by Amaryllis Fox, Yasmin Hurd, Rodrigo Canales.(July 14, 2020), http://www.netflix.com.
[4]Art Van Zee, “The Promotion and Marketing of OxyContin: Commercial Triumph, Public Health Tragedy”, PMC, February, 2009, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622774/
Portraying the history and how the opioid crisis has emerged from history and the current day uses are really impactful in understanding why, and how they are still an issue to this day. The number of deaths that happen, and are even occurring at this moment are monumental, and eye-opening in realizing that drugs impact people globally. When the paper starts mentioning that doctors were responsible for prescribing opiums, who were the pharmaceutical companies that are liable for producing them? In the conclusion you mention that it is important to change the current situation of the opioid crisis, what solutions could help aid the process in possibly help those with addictions? Since you mentioned that a person dies every 11 minutes in the U.S., what groups are the most affected by the opioid crisis?
The opioid crisis has been something i’ve personally researched and been intrested in ever since I learned about how many people it has affected. Opioid has also been found in several other forms of medication such as Xanax used to treat patients with severe anxiety. It is usually used to sent signals to the brain and relax the mind. However, it has been found to increase heartrate, bloodflow and has been proven to be addictive. Millions of patients have been found abusing the drug and using it with other substances creating substance abuse.
Opioids had been given to patients for treating chronic pain and they have now had far-reaching consequences. Unfortunately, many people have grown addicted to prescribed medicines like Oxycontin due to a lack of clarity regarding the addictive ingredient. Consequently, in order to feed their addiction, these individuals will turn to heroin, which is more cheaper and easier to obtain from local drug dealers on the street. In recent years, the epidemic has been driven by Fentanyl and other synthetic opioids. It is extremely important to be bring awareness to the opiod crisis and bring attention to the long lasting effects it has on our communities.
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